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BMJ Case Reports Apr 2020Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasm which rarely occur in the oral cavity. Of the total reported cases of lipoma, only about 15% to 20% of cases have occurred in the...
Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasm which rarely occur in the oral cavity. Of the total reported cases of lipoma, only about 15% to 20% of cases have occurred in the head and neck region and the tongue is an even rarer site with only about 4% of the reported cases occurring in that region. They are slow growing and usually asymptomatic in nature. When it grows to a large size, it can hinder the physiological processes that are associated with the area. This case report describes the diagnostic features of tongue lipoma with a brief review of literature.
Topics: Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lipoma; Middle Aged; Tongue Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32295795
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232485 -
Head & Neck Jun 2018Although perineural invasion (PNI) is recognized as an adverse prognostic factor in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the patterns of failure are poorly defined.
BACKGROUND
Although perineural invasion (PNI) is recognized as an adverse prognostic factor in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the patterns of failure are poorly defined.
METHODS
Patients with oral tongue SCC who received primary surgical treatment were identified. Specimens were reviewed by head and neck pathologists. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) were calculated. The PNI and PNI characteristics were analyzed as predictors of outcome. The utility of grading the extent of PNI was assessed by quantifying the number of PNI foci per slide reviewed, nerve caliber, and percent circumference involved.
RESULTS
Patients with PNI had a decreased DSS; however, PNI was not predictive of LRFS or RRFS. Patients with PNI were more likely to develop a distant recurrence and 19.40 (confidence interval [CI] 6.70-56.14; P < .001) times more likely to develop a distant recurrence if PNI foci density was >1.
CONCLUSION
The presence of PNI in oral tongue SCC predicts worse DSS, with distant recurrence as the most common pattern of failure. High PNI foci density is associated with worse DRFS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cohort Studies; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Tongue Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 29522275
DOI: 10.1002/hed.25110 -
PloS One 2015Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has a high mortality rate and the incidence is rising worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the disease lacks specific...
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has a high mortality rate and the incidence is rising worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the disease lacks specific prognostic markers and treatment modality. The spreading of OTSCC is dependent on the tumor microenvironment and involves tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Although the presence of TAMs is associated with poor prognosis in OTSCC, the specific mechanisms underlying this are still unknown. The aim here was to investigate the effect of macrophages (Mfs) on HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells and NF-kappaB activity. We polarized THP-1 cells to M1 (inflammatory), M2 (TAM-like) and R848 (imidazoquinoline-treated) type Mfs. We then investigated the effect of Mfs on HSC-3 cell migration and NF-kappaB activity, cytokine production and invasion using several different in vitro migration models, a human 3D tissue invasion model, antibody arrays, confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry and a mouse invasion model. We found that in co-culture studies all types of Mfs fused with HSC-3 cells, a process which was partially due to efferocytosis. HSC-3 cells induced expression of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta in co-cultures with M2 Mfs. Direct cell-cell contact between M2 Mfs and HSC-3 cells induced migration and invasion of HSC-3 cells while M1 Mfs reduced HSC-3 cell invasion. M2 Mfs had an excess of NF-kappaB p50 subunit and a lack of p65 subunits both in the presence and absence of HSC-3 cells, indicating dysregulation and pro-tumorigenic NF-kappaB activation. TAM-like cells were abundantly present in close vicinity to carcinoma cells in OTSCC patient samples. We conclude that M2 Mfs/TAMs have an important role in OTSCC regulating adhesion, migration, invasion and cytokine production of carcinoma cells favouring tumor growth. These results demonstrate that OTSCC patients could benefit from therapies targeting TAMs, polarizing TAM-like M2 Mfs to inflammatory macrophages and modulating NF-kappaB activity.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Communication; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Endocytosis; Heterografts; Humans; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Rats; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 25811194
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120895 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... May 2020CA9 is a member of the carbonic anhydrases' family, that is often expressed in cancer cells under hypoxic condition. However, the role of CA9 in the molecular mechanisms...
CA9 is a member of the carbonic anhydrases' family, that is often expressed in cancer cells under hypoxic condition. However, the role of CA9 in the molecular mechanisms of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) pathogenesis remains unclear. CA9 expression was analysed using the TCGA database, and its influence on survival was performed using Kaplan-Meier, LASSO and COX regression analyses. The correlation between CA9 and immune infiltration was investigated by CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. Moreover, the relationship between CA9 expression and downstream molecular regulation pathways was analysed by GSEA, GO and WGCNA. CA9 expression correlated with clinical prognosis and tumour grade in TSCC. Moreover, CA9 expression potentially contributes to the regulation of cancer cell differentiation and mediates tumour-associated genes and signalling pathways, including apoptosis, hypoxia, G2M checkpoint, PI3K/AKR/mTOR signalling and TGF-beta signalling pathways. However, the follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, immune and stromal scores showed no significance between high and low CA9 expression groups. These findings suggested that CA9 plays a critical role of TSCC prognosis and tumour grade. CA9 expression significantly correlated with the regulation of cell differentiation, various oncogenes and cancer-associated pathways.
Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Carbonic Anhydrase IX; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Grading; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Tongue Neoplasms; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 32299152
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15252 -
Cancer Medicine May 2017The aim of this study was to construct nomograms to predict long-term overall survival (OS) and tongue cancer-specific survival (TCSS) of tongue squamous cell carcinoma...
The aim of this study was to construct nomograms to predict long-term overall survival (OS) and tongue cancer-specific survival (TCSS) of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients based on clinical and tumor characteristics. Clinical, tumor, and treatment characteristics of 12,674 patients diagnosed with TSCC between 2004 and 2013 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. These patients were then divided into surgery and nonsurgery cohorts, and nomograms were developed for each of these groups. The step-down method and cumulative incidence function were used for model selection to determine the significant prognostic factors associated with OS and TCSS. These prognostic variables were incorporated into nomograms. An external cohort was used to validate the surgery nomograms. Seven variables were used to create the surgery nomograms for OS and TCSS, which had c-indexes of 0.709 and 0.728, respectively; for the external validation cohort, the c-indexes were 0.691 and 0.711, respectively. Nine variables were used to create the nonsurgery nomograms for OS and TCSS, which had c-indexes of 0.750 and 0.754, respectively. The calibration curves of the 5- and 8-year surgery and nonsurgery nomograms showed excellent agreement between the probabilities and observed values. By incorporating clinicopathological and host characteristics in patients, we are the first to establish nomograms that accurately predict prognosis for individual patients with TSCC. These nomograms ought to provide more personalized and reliable prognostic information, and improve clinical decision-making for TSCC patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Nomograms; Prognosis; SEER Program; Tongue Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 28411370
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1021 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2017Despite improvement in preoperative imaging, surgical technique, and adjuvant therapy, the prognosis of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still...
Despite improvement in preoperative imaging, surgical technique, and adjuvant therapy, the prognosis of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still unsatisfactory. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) play a key role in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and survival. However, the significance of mTOR on the prognosis of tongue SCC remains largely undefined. In the present study, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in 160 surgically resected tongue SCC, and correlated with survival. Univariate analysis revealed that p-mTOR overexpression (P = 0.006) was associated with inferior overall survival. In multivariate comparison, p-mTOR overexpression (P = 0.002, hazard ratio = 2.082) remained independently associated with worse overall survival. In vitro study, tongue cancer cells treated with everolimus, the specific mTOR inhibitor, or transfected with mTOR-mediated siRNAs dramatically attenuated the abilities of cell proliferation by MTT and BrdU assays. In 4-NQO-induced tongue cancer murine model, mTOR inhibitors significantly decreased the incidence of tongue SCC. In conclusion, p-mTOR overexpression was independently associated with poor prognosis of patients with tongue SCC. In vitro and vivo, mTOR inhibition showed the promising activity in tongue SCC. Our results suggest that inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for tongue SCC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Tongue Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28811537
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08345-8 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2018The glomus tumour is a rare neoplasm derived from the glomus apparatus. Subungual sites are most common with only three published cases involving the dorsal tongue. To...
The glomus tumour is a rare neoplasm derived from the glomus apparatus. Subungual sites are most common with only three published cases involving the dorsal tongue. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an intraoral malignant glomus tumour (glomangiosarcoma) to be published in English literature. We report a case of a single glomus tumour located on the posterior dorsal tongue of a middle-aged man, which was surgically excised. Immunohistological features were indicative of a glomus tumour; however, in this case, malignant features were also discovered, warranting re-excision.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Glomus Tumor; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Reoperation; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 29973409
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223268 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Apr 2019
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Margins of Excision; Neck Dissection; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Tongue; Tongue Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 31097825
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-2336 -
Pathology Oncology Research : POR Oct 2019Hemangioma is a vascular neoplasm and one of the most common benign tumors. The pathogenesis of hemangioma has not been fully understood. CIZ1 (Cip1-interacting zinc...
Hemangioma is a vascular neoplasm and one of the most common benign tumors. The pathogenesis of hemangioma has not been fully understood. CIZ1 (Cip1-interacting zinc finger protein 1) is a nuclear protein and the binding partner of p21. Dysregulation of CIZ1 expression has been reported in various types of cancerous tissues. In this study, we examined CIZ1 expression in hemangioma of the tongue and explored its function in vascular endothelial cells, the proliferative cell type in hemangioma. Immunohistochemistry showed that CIZ1 was highly expressed in hemangioma of the tongue while its expression is minimal in the normal tongue tissues. In vitro, knockdown of CIZ1 expression by shRNA transfection significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs), suggesting a positive role of CIZ1 in endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, CIZ1 might involve in pathogenesis of hemangioma of the tongue by regulation of endothelial cell functions.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Hemangioma; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Nuclear Proteins; Prognosis; Signal Transduction; Tongue Neoplasms; Up-Regulation; Wound Healing
PubMed: 30456533
DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0495-4 -
PLoS Genetics Feb 2021Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a key transcription factor involved in regulating cellular stress responses, with different expression levels and functions...
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a key transcription factor involved in regulating cellular stress responses, with different expression levels and functions in different tissues. ATF3 has also been shown to play crucial roles in regulating tumor development and progression, however its potential role in oral squamous cell carcinomas has not been fully explored. In this study, we examined biopsies of tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs) and found that the nuclear expression level of ATF3 correlated negatively with the differentiation status of TSCCs, which was validated by analysis of the ATGC database. By using gain- or loss- of function analyses of ATF3 in four different TSCC cell lines, we demonstrated that ATF3 negatively regulates the growth and migration of human TSCC cells in vitro. RNA-seq analysis identified two new downstream targets of ATF3, interferon alpha inducible proteins 6 (IFI6) and 27 (IFI27), which were upregulated in ATF3-deleted cells and were downregulated in ATF3-overexpressing cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that ATF3 binds the promoter regions of the IFI6 and IFI27 genes. Both IFI6 and IFI27 were highly expressed in TSCC biopsies and knockdown of either IFI6 or IFI27 in TSCC cells blocked the cell growth and migration induced by the deletion of ATF3. Conversely, overexpression of either IFI6 or IFI27 counteracted the inhibition of TSCC cell growth and migration induced by the overexpression of ATF3. Finally, an in vivo study in mice confirmed those in vitro findings. Our study suggests that ATF3 plays an anti-tumor function in TSCCs through the negative regulation of its downstream targets, IFI6 and IFI27.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 3; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Proliferation; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Disease Progression; Down-Regulation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mitochondrial Proteins; Neoplasm Grading; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Small Interfering; RNA-Seq; Tongue Neoplasms; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 33539340
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009283